Research Articles (Centre for the Advancement of Scholarship)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/32251

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For whom is the human geography discipline?
Le Roux, Lené (Routledge, 2025-03-23)
Human geography is a staple course taught in universities globally, yet its introductory textbooks are consistently produced in the Global North. Ninety-seven percent of the editors and authors of “introduction to human geography” textbooks are from Anglophone universities in the Global North. While textbooks cover fitting themes, such as colonialism, development and globalisation; there are issues of perspective, positionality and epistemic apertures that omit critical geographic thought from the Global South. Since the 2000s there has been a growing and emphatic call to recognize and unlearn the coloniality embedded in the geography discipline. Alongside student-led movements across the Global North and settler colonies in the Global South, like South Africa and Australia. Through postcolonial teachings on representation and hermeneutical injustice, I critique four international human geography textbooks. I use a manual content analysis to show bias toward contributors from Global North universities; theorists that privilege Anglo-American history and case studies that teach from a northern perspective. Through this critique I suggest ways to integrate Southern scholars, theories and concepts into existing textbooks. I also call for the creation of a Human Geography of the Global South textbook. Both options intend to support an unbiased and expansive human geography introductory curriculum.
Epidemiology of ranger injuries among members of the Game Rangers Association of Africa : service-related risk and the call for targeted prevention strategies
Viljoen, Carel Thomas; Van Mechelen, Willem; Sykes, Leanne M.; Clark, James Robert; De Bruin, Louise; Mushonga, Tafadzwa; Janse van Rensburg, Dina Christina (Elsevier, 2026-09)
OBJECTIVES : To determine the epidemiology of ranger injuries, risk factors for injury, and health support needs among members of the Game Rangers Association of Africa (GRAA). METHODS : We employed a retrospective cross-sectional design to collect data online using a questionnaire developed specifically for this study. We used convenience sampling to include 120 rangers aged 18 years or older who were actively working in Africa. RESULTS : Our findings showed a career injury prevalence of 52 % and period prevalence (past 12 months) of 33 %. The lower limb was the most frequently injured anatomical region (38 %), followed by the upper limb (31 %) and trunk (19 %), specifically affecting the hand (19 %), ankle (14 %), and foot (13 %). The most common injury types included skin lacerations (29 %), followed by muscle injuries (23 %), and fractures (10 %). Working for more than 15 years as a ranger is associated with an increased risk for career injury (OR=2.63) compared to working for 10 years or less. Injuries resulted in a median of 7 days (IQR=0–20 days) lost from work, with most injuries requiring either emergency medical care (31 %) or consultation with a medical doctor (26 %). Rangers need better equipment, cardiovascular fitness training programs, safety training, and mental health support. CONCLUSION : One in every two rangers associated with the GRAA sustains an injury across their careers, with a third of rangers reporting being injured in the past 12 months. Working more than 15 years as a ranger was associated with an increased risk for career injury. Our findings should be used in conjunction with sound clinical reasoning to aid in the development of future injury prevention strategies for rangers working in Africa.
The economic barriers and opportunities for community adaptation to renewable-energy opportunities in coal-dependent regions of Mpumalanga, South Africa : a systematic review
Musekiwa, Takudzwa; Murray, Noeleen (Frontiers Media, 2026-04-28)
Mpumalanga, South Africa’s coal-dependent province, faces acute socio-economic risks from coal exit, yet the transition also presents substantial renewable-energy employment opportunities. This paper synthesises evidence on the economic barriers and opportunities for community adaptation to renewable-energy employment in coal-dependent regions of Mpumalanga, and identifies policy levers to achieve a just transition. We conducted a systematic review on economic barriers and opportunities for community adaptation to renewable-energy opportunities in coal-dependent regions of Mpumalanga. Cross-study synthesis identifies persistent barriers: pronounced skills mismatches (especially STEM and technical competencies), inadequate retraining and TVET provision, high capital and energy-storage costs, municipal fiscal distress, limited local manufacturing capacity, short-term and geographically mismatched job opportunities, and policy incoherence. Realising renewable-employment gains requires coordinated action on skills development, stable finance and incentives for local manufacturing, participatory governance, and social protection for vulnerable groups. The systematic review offers an evidence-based roadmap for policymakers, funders and communities to prioritise interventions that make Mpumalanga’s transition both economically viable and socially just. The findings illustrate that bridging skills gaps, securing appropriate financial and policy support, and bolstering local manufacturing can enhance the transition from coal dependency to a sustainable renewable energy economy in Mpumalanga.
Systemic trust in higher education in South Africa : policymaking during the COVID-19 pandemic
Lewin, Thandi; Parker, Diane (Critical Studies in Teaching and Learning, 2025-09-27)
This paper uses collaborative autoethnography and document analysis to examine the policymaking process during COVID-19 in the public higher education system in South Africa. The conceptual framework outlines the multi-dimensional nature of trust and the complexity of policy-making. The paper argues that system-wide cooperation was grounded in a form of systemic trust that was possible due to the nature of the COVID-19 emergency, the policy context of South African higher education, and interinstitutional relationships that had been built prior to the pandemic. We outline the nature of cooperation, enabling policy directions to be published quickly, supporting institutions to act flexibly within a legal framework that created conditions for the relatively safe completion of academic years. The paper argues that the systemic trust that existed during this time provides insights for the ways in which leadership and collaboration can create conditions for strengthening public trust in the system.
Beyond the ‘trapped’ narrative towards a culturally grounded understanding of women’s climate immobility in rural Mwenezi, Zimbabwe
Sithole, Faith; Chekero, Tamuka; Sibanda, Patience; Muzenje, Alois (Routledge, 2026-07)
ENGLISH : This study examines women’s decisions to remain in climate-affected rural Mwenezi, showing that immobility is an agentive and morally grounded practice rather than a sign of vulnerability. Women’s staying is shaped by kinship obligations, customary land tenure and spiritual ties, which together sustain livelihoods, intergenerational knowledge and social cohesion. Relational networks, including family and cooperative groups, function as adaptive infrastructure, converting social ties into economic and moral resources. Older women exercise authority as custodians of ecological knowledge and communal memory, guiding younger generations and reinforcing household and community continuity. Economic activity, governance participation and moral stewardship intersect to position women as active agents within customary and ethical frameworks. Through the lenses of African feminism and Hunhu (personhood), immobility is interpreted as a culturally coherent strategy for adaptation-in-place that integrates livelihood security, spiritual accountability and relational responsibility. The study challenges dominant ‘trapped population’ narratives and highlights the moral and ethical dimensions of climate immobility. FRENCH : Cette étude examine les décisions prises par les femmes de rester dans la région rurale de Mwenezi, qui est affectée par le changement climatique. Elle montre que l'immobilité est une pratique « agissante » et fondée sur des considérations morales, plutôt qu'un signe de vulnérabilité. Le fait que les femmes restent sur place s'explique par les obligations familiales, le régime foncier et les liens spirituels qui, ensemble, garantissent les liens de subsistance, la transmission intergénérationnelle des savoirs et la cohésion sociale. Les réseaux relationnels, notamment les groupes familiaux et coopératifs, fonctionnent comme une infrastructure adaptative, transformant les liens sociaux en ressources économiques et morales. Les femmes les plus âgées exercent leur autorité en tant que gardiennes du savoir écologique et de la mémoire collective, guidant les jeunes générations et renforçant la pérennité des foyers et des communautés. L'activité économique, la participation à la gouvernance et la gestion fondée sur la morale se recoupent pour positionner les femmes en tant « qu'agissantes » au sein des cadres coutumiers et éthiques. À travers le prisme du féminisme africain et du Hunhu (la condition humaine), l'immobilité est interprétée comme une stratégie culturellement cohérente d'adaptation sur place qui intègre la sécurité des moyens de subsistance, la responsabilité spirituelle et la responsabilité relationnelle. L'étude remet en cause le récit dominant des « populations piégées » et met en lumière les dimensions morales et éthiques de l'immobilité climatique.
Patronage politicking in Africa : a scoping review of emerging issues of clientelism and prebendalism in South Africa, Nigeria and Zimbabwe
Ayodele, Austin A.; Musekiwa, Takudzwa; Oyedeji, Jonathan K. (Brill Academic, 2026-05-15)
This review examines the dynamics of patronage politics, clientelism and prebendalism in South Africa, Nigeria and Zimbabwe, exploring their historical roots, contemporary manifestations and implications for governance. Drawing on a systematic synthesis of peer-reviewed literature and applying the prisma 2020 framework, we find that patronage politics have evolved in South Africa, reinforcing factionalism and crony capitalism, weakening governance and public sector efficiency. In Nigeria, prebendalism has entrenched corruption and elite resource appropriation and has facilitated its federal structure and oil wealth distribution. Zimbabwe’s political landscape is characterised by entrenched patron–client networks marked by elite capture of institutions, cronyism and unprecedented rent-seeking behaviour that persists despite severe economic constraints. The review highlights the role of historical legacies, socio-political structures and institutional weaknesses in sustaining the impact of patronage on grassroots political engagement and informal resilience mechanisms. There is a need for governance reforms, institutional strengthening and policy innovations to mitigate the effects of clientelism and prebendalism on democratic consolidation and sustainable development in Africa.
Federalism and policing in Nigeria : colonial continuities and contemporary complexities
Igba, Samuel Ajogwu (Routledge, 2026-01-12)
This article sets out to understand why current policing governance structures have failed to secure Nigeria. In this regard, historical patterns of coloniality – or colonial-influenced thinking and actions on authority – led to the structural positioning of Nigeria’s federal police to serve elite political power rather than the majority of citizens. These patterns were passed down, leaving the police incapacitated in the face of rising insecurity. While existing studies extensively discuss the remnants of colonial administrative traits, there are limited discussions about coloniality in Nigeria’s policing structure – a gap that this study aimed to fill. Through a decolonial lens, a qualitative thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns within semi-structured interview responses of 18 civil society actors across Nigeria. For triangulation, secondary data were collected from institutional reports of Nigeria’s National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), survey results from Afrobarometer, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), media sources, and academic literature. Findings reveal four key features of colonial continuities in Nigeria’s federal policing structure: overcentralisation of authority, militarized policing practices, corruption and political manipulation, and limited citizen trust in law enforcement. Based on these findings, policy recommendations are made, ranging from decentralizing policing powers to developing robust community policing structures.
Bulawayo’s still her old self” : diasporic return in Lettah’s Gift
Dube, Nhlanhla (Routledge, 2026)
This paper reads Graham Lang’s novel Lettah’s Gift (2011) to see how literary Bulawayo is imagined and perceived by diasporan characters. By taking a bird’s eye view of the city, its place in Zimbabwean literary city discourse becomes clearer. This paper pivots on the idea of diasporic return. It demonstrates how the city is understood by characters who come back to the city after having lived abroad. The experience of diaspora has been articulated in many fictional texts, but there has not been a sustained attempt at explaining what happens when characters return from abroad and what this means for their spatial engagement with the city. Frank Cole, the protagonist of Lang’s novel, views the city through a lens which is influenced by his experiences abroad and he deploys the diasporan view to try to make sense of what he perceives. This article shows what impact this has and how Bulawayo emerges as a lens through which to read other global cities such as Perth.
The place of stories and informal conversations in the social sciences during pandemics in Africa
Nyabundi, Agnetta Adiedo (Sage, 2026-05-05)
Pandemics have necessitated that social scientists conduct fieldwork differently. Pandemics profoundly impact individuals’ lives, warranting an in-depth study of the experiences, attitudes, and feelings as people imagine a new future. Stories and storytelling, when used as research tools and methods, can do more than convey scientific information. They can also evoke experiences, emotions and imaginations about pandemics and their possible futures. This paper defines stories and storytelling as the verbal telling of personal stories, a method that mostly calls for participant observation. Stories and storytelling in communicating social science and health research have primarily been delivered through podcasts and blogs. Few studies have examined the use of stories to inform research articles, particularly in social science research on public health issues. This article reviews the need to employ independent tools or integrate stories to address pandemics. This paper found that stories and storytelling often help individuals bring to the fore not only much-needed scientific information but also explore deeper issues in research, including feelings, attitudes, individual experiences, and imaginative futures.
A tribute to Ngugi wa Thiong’o
Ogude, James (Cambridge University Press, 2026-02-03)
This is a tribute to the late Ngugi wa Thiong’o, who passed on 28 May 2025. The tribute pays attention to Ngugi’s rich legacy as one of Africa’s foremost writers, a political activist and a cultural engineer of note. Beyond his remarkable contribution as a writer in shaping Africa’s literary historiography, the tribute lingers on his cultural revolution and ways in which he courageously defended the use of African languages writing. His authoritative contribution in the areas of decoloniality, anticipated the current concerns with the decolonial turn by decades. The tribute points to Ngugi’s lasting contribution to African studies in general as a writer in politics and an eloquent critique of colonial traditions and neo-colonialism in Africa.
Integrating Ubuntu philosophy in South African legislation for managing public sector ethics
Musekiwa, Takudzwa; Masiya, Tyanai; Lubinga, Stellah N. (Conscientia Beam, 2025)
Extant research demonstrates that indigenous ethical systems can significantly shape public administrators’ decision-making processes. However, the inclusion of indigenous ethical systems has been limited. The exclusion of indigenous ethical systems like Ubuntu from South Africa’s public sector ethics framework has resulted in a lack of cultural relevance, weakening ethical conduct, undermining accountability and trust, and limiting the framework’s effectiveness in promoting integrity and combating corruption. This article aims to assess the potential of integrating the Ubuntu philosophy into South African legislation for managing public sector ethics. This article employs a qualitative approach. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data to examine the frequency with which Ubuntu philosophy is integrated into existing legislation from secondary sources for managing public sector ethics. Findings of the study reveal limited incorporation of Ubuntu philosophy in the existing legislative framework for managing public sector ethics, resulting in lack of ethical governance and accountability in South Africa. To address the lack of incorporation of Ubuntu principles in the above legislation, there is a need for explicit references to the Ubuntu principles. This study contributes to public administration scholarship by critically highlighting the limited integration of the Ubuntu philosophy within South Africa’s public sector ethics legislation and offering practical recommendations for embedding indigenous ethical principles to enhance cultural relevance, strengthen ethical conduct, and improve accountability and integrity in public service delivery.
The life and legacy of Professor Roseanne Denise Diab (1949–2026) : environmental scientist, institution builder and champion of women in science
Soodyall, Himla; Gevers, Wieland; Crewe, Robin M.; Wright, Caradee Yael (Academy of Science of South Africa, 2026-05)
It was with a sense of profound shock that the scientific community learned of the passing of Professor Roseanne Diab in January 2026. At the time of her death, she was the Vice-President of the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), and was working in the field of air quality and human health on a South African Medical Research Council contract. Roseanne’s career was divided into two parts: the first being her contributions as a university teacher and scholar in environmental science and the second being her leadership roles in higher education and in international science policy. Her contributions in both of these contexts were exemplary.
Relational autonomy and the politics of reproduction : infertility and kinship demands in African and diasporic contexts
Mabweazara, Gerald Mirirai; Chekero , Tamuka (Taylor and Francis, 2026-01-30)
Infertility in African contexts is a socially embedded condition, intricately tied to kinship structures, gendered identities and the preservation of lineage. This qualitative study drew on interviews with eleven participants, comprising one couple, one man and six women in Zimbabwe as well as three Black African migrant women (two Zimbabwean, one Nigerian) living in Aotearoa New Zealand. It examined how perceptions of infertility are shaped by kinship connections and moral claims across borders. Guided by a relational autonomy framework, the research highlights reproduction as a sphere deeply shaped by kinship ties (hukama/ubuhlobo), principles of ubuntu and the accompanying obligations, expectations and moral judgements that arise within these social relationships. Findings highlight three key sets of issues: internalised moral scrutiny; the ambivalent nature of kin intervention; and transnational tactics – illustrating how reproduction is shaped by both personal aspirations and collective pressures. Findings shows that reproductive agency emerge through negotiated, relational processes rather than individual choice, thereby extending relational autonomy theory through an African moral lens, and demonstrating how infertility is lived, negotiated and moralised across transnational kinship spaces. The research highlights the need for policy and practice to pay greater attention to the ethical and relational dimensions of reproductive experiences.
Automating monitoring and evaluation data analysis by using an open-source programming language
Fouché, Nadia; Mentz-Coetzee, Melody (AOSIS, 2025-01-31)
BACKGROUND : African higher education institutions lag behind their global counterparts in the number of research outputs produced. To address this shortcoming, early-career researcher development programmes play a critical role. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) are vital in assuring that such programmes deliver meaningful outcomes. However, M&E is an expensive process, which is problematic in the resource-constrained context of the African continent. Traditionally, practitioners use expensive data analysis software suites such as the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for analysing quantitative M&E data. Although open-source programming languages such as Python are free to use, there are no libraries in Python aimed at the analyses needed for quantitative M&E data, resulting in a steep learning curve for new Python users. OBJECTIVES : The objective of this article was to develop a Python library of functions to make Python a user-friendly alternative for analysing quantitative M&E data. METHOD : A Python library of functions automating M&E data analysis procedures was developed. The Python M&E library was tested in this article on quantitative evaluation data of an early-career researcher development programme event and the output compared to that obtained using the SPSS general user interface (GUI). RESULTS : The Python M&E library functions produced identical results to the output produced using the SPSS GUI. CONCLUSION : The results showed that the Python M&E library makes Python a viable, free and time-saving alternative for the analysis of quantitative M&E data. CONTRIBUTION : This article contributes by providing a free alternative method for analysing quantitative M&E data, which can help evaluation practitioners in the developing world reduce the costs associated with evaluating capacity development programmes.
Maxi Schoeman - an appreciation
Vale, Peter Christopher Julius (Vale, Peter Christopher Julius, 2026)
More than anything else – and certainly, more than anyone else – Maxi Schoeman, who passed away on 14 September 2025 has ensured the longevity of the academic discipline of International Relations in South Africa. This is because Professor Schoeman encouraged scholars to build trust with those who practice the diplomatic craft. She also championed rigorous academic standards, a deep commitment to public service, and called on scholars to frame policies relevant to their work. This is the principal message of this Appreciation of a friend, a colleague, and a confidant, not only of this writer, but of many in the ‘political science’ community beyond African shores.
Demilitarizing conservation
Lunstrum, Elizabeth; Masse, Francis; Ashaba, Ivan Mugyenzi; Dutta, Anwesha; Marijnen, Esther; Mushonga, Tafadzwa; Matose, Frank (Taylor and Francis, 2025-08-06)
Many national parks and other protected areas (PAs) are experiencing an intensification of military actors, logics, and partnerships across the globe. This amounts to one of the most consequential conservation trends of this century, one that violates human rights and threatens conservation’s long-term viability. These dynamics have been chronicled in the burgeoning literature on green militarization. Set against dire predictions of biodiversity loss and the importance of both PAs and local communities in slowing this decline, this intervention makes the argument for demilitarizing conservation and sets out an initial framework for what this entails conceptually and in practice. We show how demilitarizing conservation must be based on an ethics and politics of care and nonviolence. Although PAs are already landscapes of care for nonhuman nature, we argue for a more robustly care-full conservation that, perhaps uncomfortably, requires care to be extended to those who harm wildlife and nature more broadly. We illustrate how demilitarization requires infusing care into conservation at two related moments: the actual encounter between conservation’s transgressors and law enforcement and the larger structures that produce the encounter and military buildup as a response. The latter includes how green militarization is driven by economic logics, global patterns of economic inequality, and colonial structures that continue to shape conservation. This intervention also opens space for considering how the need for demilitarization allies with other movements like Indigenous-led and convivial conservation working to radically reshape conservation theory and practice and makes a case for explicitly including demilitarization within these efforts.
Transforming African food systems : perspectives from the Food Systems Network for Africa (FSNet-Africa)
Dorvlo, Selorm Yaotse; Mkandawire, Elizabeth; Mentz-Coetzee, Melody; Dougill, Andrew; Swanepoel, Frans; Emmambux, Mohammad Naushad; Boakye, Abena; Anim-Jnr, Antoinette Simpah; Lungu, Nobuhle Sharon; Tchuwa, Frank; Kwapong, Nana Afraana; Isingizwe, Frederic; Jokonya, Osden; Maina, Joyce Gichuku; Du Toit, Andrea; John, Innocensia; Mwanri, Akwilina Wendelin; Mzumara, Tiwonge I.; Holt, Diane; Jordaan, Daniel Du Plessis Scheepers; Schonfeldt, H.C. (Hettie Carina); Yusuf, Abdullahi Ahmed; Sait, Steven; Greathead, Henry; Vilakazi, Nokuthula; Jew, Eleanor; Nkukwana, Thobela T.; Papargyropoulou, Effie; Alphonce, Roselyne; Quinn, Claire Helen (Elsevier, 2025-10)
African food systems face significant challenges, including poverty, inequality, climate change, and unsustainable practices. To ensure access to safe and nutritious food while addressing socio-economic and environmental issues, fundamental changes are necessary. A collaborative and inclusive research agenda that engages diverse stakeholders through case-study research, aligning with continent-wide frameworks such as Agenda 2063, the CAADP, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), is vital. There are few cross-case analyses that bring together empirical case study research to evaluate and provide holistic appraisals of African food systems. This perspectives paper aims to provide such a synthesis from the empirical case studies generated under the Food Systems Research Network for Africa (FSNet-Africa) project. 19 case study projects in six African countries, were conducted by 83 researchers. Five key focus areas were identified: food system governance, indigenous crops and African foods, innovations for sustainable production among small-scale farmers, consumer preferences, and food loss and waste. The findings emphasise an urgent need for collaboration to address food security and nutrition challenges in Africa. Major priorities for transforming African food systems include inclusive engagement and the integration of indigenous knowledge to improve local food choices and resilience, and reducing food loss through capacity-building efforts and changing perceptions of waste. Future research should focus on governance, indigenous crops, and innovations in sustainable production to drive a transformative shift in African food systems. These priority areas will be critical for the next global and regional development agenda, reflecting the needs and aspirations of underrepresented communities across Africa.
Provincialising global oncology
Surawy Stepney, Nickolas; Bhangu, Shagufta; Llewellyn, Henry; Fraser, Jennifer; Cochrane, Thandeka; Jagessar, Philip; Reubi, David; Caduff, Carlo; Bray, Freddie; Graber, Nils; Henke, Oliver; Iriart, Jorge Alberto Bernstein; Mulemi, Benson Azariah; Newton, Robert; Prince, Ruth; Schantz, Clemence; Sengar, Manju; Sirohi, Bhawna (BMJ Publishing Group, 2025-11-23)
Global Oncology is an important project and concept which has made significant strides in recent years. Its laudable achievements in tackling cancer’s medical and human impacts have worked to address the ‘oncological divide’. To strengthen the project’s core aims, we call to ‘provincialise’ its goals and techniques by bringing in voices of experts on the ground, in particular from the Global South. This is crucial to strengthening Global Oncology, setting its agendas, suturing its standards and norms with on-the-ground realities, and considering complex and diverse dynamics of difference and inequality. Through provincialising, we advocate for a move towards plural oncologies.
Translational social medicine for global health : introducing cases in global social medicine
Holmes, Seth M.; Rekhis, Mayssa; Stonington, Scott D.; Pasquini, Mirko; Messac, Luke; Raikhel, Eugene; Kitanaka, Junko; Macedo, Valeria; Sesia, Paola; Rivera, Carlos Pinones; Goronga, Tinashe; Keshavjee, Salmaan; Mulemi, Benson Azariah; Matache, Margareta; Marmot, Michael (Elsevier, 2025-11-15)
No abstract available.
Introduction : Ubuntu and personhood
Ogude, James (Africa World Press, 2018-06)
BOOK ABSTRACT : This book examines the relationship between Ubuntu and the idea of personhood. Ubuntu in its broadest sense is rooted in the belief that the full development of personhood comes with shared identity and the idea that an individual’s humanity is fostered in a network of relationships: I am because you are; we are because you are. The chapters in this book seek to interrogate this relational quality of personhood embodied in Ubuntu. The book further seeks to examine whether we can talk about relational personhood without running the risk of essentialism. It argues that no human society is possible without a network of relations, which involves, among other elements, communication and interaction between individuals. It is a critical engagement with how Ubuntu shapes those ethical values of connectedness and interdependence within society. The book also asks whether we can find relevance in Ubuntu as an ethical value system, which is likely to mediate our daily activities and the social institutions, which serve communities in post-colonial societies. Further, the book grapples with many questions: Can Ubuntu’s idea of human inter-dependence complement the “European” idea of freedom of the individual, thus lead to a hybridised ethical foundation for a future society? Does Ubuntu share any similarities with other intellectual and philosophical streams from the African continent such as Nyerere’s Ujamaa? If our own idioms and concepts of personhood come with moral entitlements, as they must, how are we to evaluate the conduct of persons whose identity is constructed differently? Finally, how are we to understand agency in a context in which relational quality of personhood is granted alongside individual autonomy?

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