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Letter to the editor : Response to Bridging gaps in chest radiograph diagnosis : the SCIEPR checklist for equitable and sustainable practice in low-resource settings
(Elsevier, 2025-07) Sethole, Khethiwe Margaret; margaret.sethole@up.ac.za
No abstract available.
Intensive parenting of mothers in 11 countries differing in individualism, income inequality, and social mobility
(Elsevier, 2025-11) Lubiewska, Katarzyna; Zeglen, Marta; Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi; Park, Joonha; Runge, Ronja; Muller, Jacomien; Visser, Maretha; Adair, Lora; Borualogo, Ihsana Sabriani; Orta, Irem Metin; Glogowska, Karolina; Abudoush, Ahmad; Cheung, Hang Yi; Baker, Julieta; Russell, Natalie Asamoah; Al-Ja'afreh, Somaya; Sumer, Nebi; Yousef, Raghad; Cetin, Deniz; Taskesen, Nureda; Bostanci, Ezgi; Donnecke, Nadine; Van der Kaap-deeder, Jolene
Although intensive parenting has been found to be mostly detrimental for both children and parents, less is known about the correlates and sources of this type of parenting. This study aimed to examine associations between mother's primary involvement in caregiving and intensive parenting, as well as their potential sources, thereby focusing on: family social status, characteristics of the national economy (income inequality and social mobility) and culture (individualism-collectivism) in 11 culturally diverse countries. Participants were 2535 mothers of children aged between 6 and 10. Mothers reported on their intensive parenting behaviors, entailing both supportive and undermining aspects of meeting their child's needs, as well as their level of involvement in daily caregiving tasks and the subjective family social status. Hypotheses were tested controlling for country level response style. Results revealed that: mothers who were more often the primary caregiver across daily tasks used more intensive parenting behaviors; high social status mothers were using less child need undermining yet more supportive intensive parenting behaviors, and less frequently served as the primary caregiver for daily tasks; the undermining intensive parenting behaviors related positively to country-level individualism and income inequality, whereas relations with social mobility were mixed.
HIGHLIGHTS
• Supportive and undermining parenting are the two pillars of intensive parenting.
• Intensive parenting mothers are likely to be primary involved in daily caregiving tasks.
• Intensive parenting was found in lower social status families and individualistic countries with high income inequality.
Preventing diet-related non-communicable diseases : a rights-based approach to improving health outcomes through food and nutrition security
(Routledge, 2025) Omoruyi, Aisosa Jennifer; Knipe, Paula; Durojaye, Ebenezer
In South Africa, while the state has acknowledged the link between the food environment and poor health outcomes, it has done little to regulate and address the underlying determinants, and food and nutrition insecurity remains rife. Moreover, effectively preventing diet-related non-communicable diseases requires states to actively reduce the availability of unhealthy foods and enforce measures to improve access to healthy foods. This calls for several integrated legal, policy and regulatory interventions and investment across the health, food and agricultural systems alike. Therefore, a multisectoral approach is needed to ensure coordinated implementation and monitoring. For these reasons, this article provides an overview of the normative framework guiding state interventions on food and nutrition. It uses a rights-based approach, specifically the rights to health and food, to analyse the food and nutrition policy framework, looking at current priorities, policy coherence and implementation. It explores challenges and opportunities within these frameworks to strengthen diet-related non-communicable disease prevention efforts, aimed at improving health outcomes through food and nutrition security in South Africa.
Regulation and bank lending in South Africa : a narrative index approach
(Wiley, 2025-03) Sibande, Xolani; Nxumalo, Dumakude; Mncube, Keaoleboga; Koch, Steven F.; Viegi, Nicola
The extension of affordable credit is a key component of financial inclusion but it could reduce the stability of the financial sector. Prudential policies, on the other hand, are designed to mitigate financial sector risk. Thus, policies aimed at the extension of credit and prudential regulations may be in opposition. This study estimates and contrasts the impact of these potentially contradictory regulations on the bank lending volumes of South Africa's largest banks. We find that announcements of prudential regulation are associated with an increase in secured lending, while the implementation of prudential regulation is associated with an increase in unsecured lending. Despite tighter implementation of prudential reforms, we observe an increase in unsecured lending that is driven by unsecured lending to corporates. Our results also indicate the contractionary effects of prudential regulation on mortgage lending. Furthermore, the estimated effects of efforts aimed at extending credit to households have no impact on bank lending to households but increase secured lending to corporates. The two regulatory approaches overlap with regard to lending to corporates.
Seasonality, social structure and age predict conspecific aggression in captive breeding southern ground-hornbills (Bucorvus leadbeateri)
(Wiley, 2025-03) Koeppel, Katja Natalie; Lubbe, Nevanya; Donaldson, Ashleigh Claire; Kemp, Lucy Valeska; katja.koeppel@up.ac.za
Southern Ground-hornbills (SGHs) are listed as Vulnerable globally, and Endangered in South Africa, Namibia and Swaziland, due to poisoning, habitat loss and persecution. Successful conservation breeding and rearing of redundant second-hatched chick protocol has been established to supplement natural SGH populations in an attempt mitigate a declining population. However, captive rearing is costly and susceptible to loss of birds through conspecific aggression. Maximising the efficacy of reproductive output in captive settings and ensuring successful reintroductions of captive-reared birds to wild populations is of paramount importance if this species is to persist. Therefore, it is important to untangle the predictors of what drives mortalities in captive birds, particularly, through conspecific aggression. Using a database of captive SGH mortalities collected over 46 years we investigated whether variables such as season, age, relatedness, sex and husbandry predicted the occurrence of conspecific aggression in SGH. Aggression among adult, non-related birds particularly during SGH breeding season (austral spring) was the most predictable form of conspecific aggression. It was inferred that aggression is normally directed at non-related birds outside of already established social groups or at younger, related birds that are not dispersing from groups when reaching sexual maturity. Variables such as season, age, relatedness and husbandry were therefore all useful for predicting the potential and avoidable occurrence of an aggression event. Male birds were most often the aggressors. Making use of such variables to manage birds in a captive setting, move birds before sexual maturity and maintaining birds in known and accepted social structures could greatly improve management in SGH breeding facilities and optimise the efforts for re-establishing natural SGH populations.
SUMMARY:
Conspecific trauma accounted for approximately 7.80% of all recorded Southern Ground-hornbill (SGH) mortalities.
Seasonality significantly influenced aggression, with more attacks in austral spring compared to autumn.
Breeding status did not affect aggression frequency; non-breeding individuals were more often involved.
Males were not significantly more aggressive than females or pairs, but non-breeding individuals were most aggressive in austral winter and spring.
Victim sex or attacker sex did not predict aggression likelihood.
Age and sex determined onset of attacks with majority of attacks been adult birds and females (8.8 ± 8.3 years) been attacked earlier then male (9.1 ± 8.9 years).
Group size did not significantly influence attack frequency.
Moon phase did not affect aggression occurrence.