Research Articles (Chemical Engineering)
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Item Vermicomposting of camel (Camelus dromedarius) manure with fly ash and microbial inoculants : effects on nutrients and heavy metalsMupambwa, Hupenyu A.; Ruben, Elia N.M.; Haneklaus, Nils H.; Handura, Bethold; Howoses, Veronica A.; Brahim, Jamal Ait; Beniazza, Redouane; Roubik, Hynek; Truter, Wayne F.; Van der Merwe, Elizabet Margaretha; Brink, Hendrik Gideon (MDPI, 2026-03)Please read abstract in the article.Item Optimising synthesis conditions of PANI-NSA nanotubes for chromium removalSwart, Nina; Lohrentz, Luca; Brink, Hendrik Gideon (Springer, 2025-07)Polyaniline-naphthalene-sulfonic acid (PANI-NSA) nanotubes were synthesized and evaluated in this preliminary study for Cr(VI) removal from synthetic wastewater. SEM analysis showed that optimized synthesis conditions produced uniform nanotubes with additional surface spheres, potentially enhancing adsorption performance. Adsorption isotherms (Redlich-Peterson and Langmuir models) suggested a monolayer adsorption mechanism, while kinetic studies (Elovich and Wang two-phase models) indicated chemisorption-driven, diffusion-controlled adsorption. To explore the influence of synthesis conditions, temperature and water volume (as reaction eluent) were varied. PANI-NSA synthesized at 5 °C with 80 mL of water (more dilute) had an adsorption capacity of 374.9 mg g⁻1 (66.72% removal), increasing to 438.2 mg g⁻1 (79.28% removal) at 15 °C with 20 mL of water (i.e. more concentrated). While these results highlight promising trends, further detailed characterization and adsorption optimization studies are required to fully assess scalability and long-term application in industrial Cr(VI) remediation.Item Polyaniline-coated biochar : synthesis, characterization, and Cr(VI) adsorption studiesKasavo, Ruth Nzisi; Brink, Hendrik Gideon (Springer, 2025-06-04)Polyaniline (PANI) is a promising adsorbent for heavy metal removal due to its high conductivity, large surface area, cost-effective synthesis, and environmental stability. Biochar, derived from organic waste, also shows potential for pollutant removal. In this study, a polyaniline-biochar composite (PANI-NSA/BC) was synthesized and assessed for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. SEM analysis showed rod-like polyaniline structures distributed within the biochar matrix. Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the effects of adsorbent dosage, polyaniline-to-biochar ratio, and solution pH. Cr(VI) removal efficiency decreased with biochar fraction (maximum at 25% biochar) and increased with composite dosage, (maximum at 40 mg). The process was highly pH-dependent, achieving maximum removal at pH 2. These results demonstrate the potential of PANI-NSA/BC for Cr(VI) remediation in water treatment. Future work will focus on scaling up the synthesis, optimizing operational parameters, and exploring the composite’s regeneration and reuse performance under continuous flow conditions.Item Bacterial diversity dynamics in sandy loam soils in Tanzania under varying fertilizer-derived uranium concentrationsMwalongo , Dennis A.; Lisuma, Jacob B.; Haneklaus, Nils H.; Maged, Ali; Brink, Hendrik Gideon; Carvalho , Fernando P.; Wacławek, Stanisław; Mpumi, Nelson; Amasi, Aloyce I.; Mwimanzi , Jerome M.; Chuma, Furaha M.; Kivevele, Thomas T.; Mtei, Kelvin M. (MDPI, 2025-08-13)The presence of radiotoxic uranium (U) in mineral fertilizers is of global concern. A pilot study was conducted in Tabora (Tanzania) to determine the release of U from three brands of phosphate fertilizers and its impact on soil bacteria. The experiment used three types of fertilizer: Minjingu Powder (MP), Nafaka Plus (NP), a mixed and granulated fertilizer made from Minjingu Phosphate Rock (MPR), and YaraMila Cereal (YC) fertilizer. There was also a control treatment that was not fertilized (NF). Alpha diversity and the R tool were used to analyze bacterial diversity in four samples within an average sequencing depth of 74,466 reads, using metrics like ASVs, Shannon index, and Chao1. The results showed that the number of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in the DNA from soil bacteria decreased, specifically to 400 ASVs, in the NP treatment, which was in line with the higher U concentration (3.93 mg kg−1) in the soils. In contrast, the MP fertilizer treatment, associated with a lower U concentration (3.06 mg kg−1) in soils, exhibited an increase in ASVs within the DNA of soil bacteria, reaching 795; the highest ASV value (822) was observed in the NF treatment. Higher amounts of U in the soil plots seemed to have resulted in more types of bacteria, with the Actinobacteriota phylum being the most common in all of the treatments. The NP (3.93 mg kg−3 U concentration) and MP (3.06 mg kg−3 U concentration) treatments were the only ones that showed Halobacteriota and Crenarchaeota phyla. Nonetheless, bacterial diversity may also account for the alterations in soil phosphorus and nitrogen following fertilizer application. The YaraMila Cereal treatment did not seem to be linked to any particular bacterial phylum. This means that in this study it did not have any measurable effect on the soil bacteria species compared to the MP and NP treatments.Item Application of machine learning in predicting corrosion inhibition capacity of Spinacia oleracea leaf extract on copperSanni, Omotayo; Adeleke, Oluwatobi; Iwarere, Samuel Ayodele; Jen, Tien-Chen; Daramola, Michael Olawale (Elsevier, 2026-01)In many different industries, material corrosion is a major problem and it has a big financial impact. In this case, plant extracts employed as corrosion inhibitors, provide affordable way to prevent copper from corroding in acidic media, providing an alternative to the dangerous chemicals now in use. This study presents an integrated experimental and machine learning approach for investigating the corrosion inhibition performance of Spinacia oleracea leaf extract on copper in nitric acid medium. Experimental procedure involving gravimetric analysis under different concentrations, temperatures, and exposure durations, inhibitory efficiency was conducted. Different machine learning (ML) models, namely Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Decision Tree (tree) were developed for predicting the corrosion rate. To overcome the black-box limitation of the ML models, an interpretable feature analysis was carried using Shapley Additive ExPlanations (SHAP).The accuracy and validity of the models were evaluated using statistical tests like Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Variance Accounted For (VAF).The best prediction accuracy was obtained with SVM, giving an averaged validation-based RMSE, MAE, MAD, MAPE, and VAF values of 0.386, 0.287, 0.192,0.08773, and 99.093, respectively, across 5 folds. SHAP interpretability identified inhibitor concentration as the most influential variable controlling corrosion inhibition. The data-driven framework that combines experimental gravimetric analysis with SHAP-enhanced ML in this study contributes to the broader development of transparent, eco-friendly, and data-driven corrosion prediction models.Item Enhancing flexibility and adhesion of PVDF coatings on PVC textiles via PVDF/PMMA/plasticizer blendsSonnendecker, Anya (Wiley, 2025-08)This study investigated improving the flexibility and adhesion of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coatings on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) textiles by blending PVDF with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and adding plasticizers. Because PVDF is inherently stiff, blends were prepared with 10 wt%, 30 wt%, and 50 wt% PMMA. Four plasticizers—di(propylene glycol) dibenzoate (P2), dibutyl phthalate (P3), di(ethylene glycol) dibenzoate (P4), and benzyl butyl phthalate (P5)—were also incorporated into 10 wt% PMMA blends. Thin films and coatings were produced via solution casting and dip-coating, then characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A 10 wt% PMMA concentration improved adhesion and raised crystallinity (46.95% versus 30.87% for pure PVDF), while higher PMMA resulted in amorphous structures. Plasticizers lowered melting temperatures by up to 12°C and glass transition temperatures by up to 81.4°C (for P3), increasing flexibility. SEM revealed that plasticizers P3 and P4 generated uniform, nonporous morphologies, making them promising for UV-protective coatings. These blends maintained strong adhesion to PVC and demonstrated good mechanical performance. Further studies on UV stability are advised to confirm their long-term durability. DSC indicated increased thermal stability in PVDF/PMMA blends, while DMA confirmed enhanced mechanical integrity and material performance.Item Influence of six plasticizers on the morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of poly (vinylidene difluoride) filmsSonnendecker, Anya; Mametja, Matome W.; Labuschagne, Johan (Wiley, 2025-08)Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is renowned for its durability but suffers from limited flexibility, restricting its use as a protective topcoat on architectural textiles. This study investigated six ester-based plasticizers at a loading of 50 wt% in a 10 wt% PVDF solution (dissolved in dimethylacetamide at 50°C) to identify an optimal candidate for enhancing flexibility while maintaining suitable morphology. DSC indicated that P3 (dibutyl phthalate) lowered the polymer's melting temperature to 154°C (from 170°C for pure PVDF) and decreased its glass transition temperature (Tg) to −81.5°C. However, SEM revealed significant porosity, undermining its protective function. In contrast, P2 (di(propylene glycol)dibenzoate) resulted in a 10°C reduction in melting temperature and a 19°C reduction in crystallization temperature, yet only increased Tg by 3°C; the film remained more flexible than unmodified PVDF. SEM confirmed minimal voids, indicating good compatibility. Furthermore, DSC data demonstrated P2 raised the degree of crystallinity from 31% in the reference film to 34% while preserving structural integrity. These findings highlight P2 as the most viable plasticizer for producing flexible PVDF topcoats, offering a simpler, cost-effective solution with the potential to extend the lifespan of architectural textiles in under-resourced regions.Item MnSe supported on carbon foam prepared by salt template method as advanced host cathode for lithium-sulfur batteryZhang, Xuefeng; Lv, Qian; Liu, Hui; Guo, Aifang; Ren, Jianwei; Mo, Zaiyong; Huang, Zhenlong; Wang, Hui (Springer, 2026-03)Please read abstract in the article.Item Thermal decomposition behavior and characterization of automotive paint sludgeKalani, Pfulwani; Oliver, Ines; Molto-Berenguer, Julia; Conesa, Juan A.; Yapi, Litha; Nofemele, Zuko; Mavukwana, Athi-Enkosi (Wiley, 2025-11)Automotive paint sludge (APS) is a ubiquitous, recalcitrant waste product of the vehicle manufacturing process. The potential of APS for energy and chemical production via pyrolysis and gasification is undermined by the absence of methodologically consistent, cross-stream physicochemical characterization. This impedes process design for the valorization of APS. This work aims to rectify that by presenting a direct physicochemical characterization and thermogravimetric comparison of five APS types: electrocoat, phosphate coat, primer, base coat, and clear coat. Thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) experiments were conducted at three heating rates, i.e., 5, 10, and 20°C/min, under both nitrogen and air atmospheres. The study revealed that the decomposition of APS occurs in three distinct stages. The first stage involves the removal of moisture and the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), occurring at temperatures ranging from 30°C to 220°C. The second stage, which occurs at approximately 220°C–550°C, exhibits a further subdivision profile comprising two subsections. This entails the devolatilization stage, which occurs between 200°C and 380°C. Subsequent to this, the cracking of resins, heavy hydrocarbons, and the formation of char occur at temperatures ranging from 380°C to 550°C. The third and final stage occurs at a range of 550°C–800°C, accounts for the least mass loss, and is characterized by the carbonization and decomposition of inorganic compounds. In this work, we have established temperature intervals for drying/VOC removal, VOC recovery, and secondary cracking/carbonization, providing comparative evidence to optimize APS-to-energy conversion.Item Promoted bubble dynamics by S-site-induced Cu nucleating agent on the NiFe-based array electrode for efficient oxygen evolution processJiang, Runlai; Wang, Hanxiao; Wang, Zheng; Jiang, Yuanye; Gunasekaran, Sundaram; Wang, Xuyun; Liu, Jian; Song, Hongbing; Ren, Jianwei; Wang, Rongfang (American Chemical Society, 2026-03-09)Please read abstract in the article.Item Determination of South African carbon dioxide emission factors for selected solid fuelsKornelius, Gerrit; Forbes, Patricia B.C.; Garland, Rebecca M. (Academy of Science of South Africa, 2026-03-26)South Africa’s National Climate Change Response Policy requires accurate reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To achieve this, the South African Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment initiated a process to develop country-specific emission factors (referred to as Tier 2 factors by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)) for fuels produced or used locally, which are more accurate than those currently used (Tier 1). In this work, we report on the development of such county-specific emission factors for the solid fuels most commonly produced and used in South Africa, based on the analysis of 107 samples. The samples received were classified into types based on the IPCC fuel classification method, which has some differences from that used in South Africa. The CO2 emission factor for sub-bituminous coal, mainly used for power generation and in the liquid fuels/chemical sectors of South Africa, was found to be 97 807 kg CO2/TJ. For ‘other bituminous coal’, the CO2 emission factor was found to be 101 171 kg CO2/TJ. These emission factors are higher than the IPCC default (also referred to as Tier 1) factors, which have been in use in South Africa to date. As solid fossil fuel use is a major contributor to South Africa’s GHG emissions, this implies higher than previously estimated CO2 emissions from this sector as well as a higher contribution to global emissions. SIGNIFICANCE: • South African Tier 2 carbon dioxide emission factors for solid fuel use are reported for the first time, as required by South Africa’s commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Climate Agreement. • The Tier 2 carbon dioxide emission factors were derived from the analysis of over 100 South African solid fuel samples. • Emission factors for the fuels used in the largest amounts are higher than the default Tier 1 factors previously used, leading to an increase in reported emissions for a similar fuel use. • The main user of coal in South Africa, the power generation sector, uses sub-bituminous coal based on the IPCC classification system, which includes volatile matter as a classification criterion. • Using the same IPCC criteria, the majority of samples from other South African industrial and commercial users are classified as ‘other bituminous coal’.Item Comparative study of biogenic iron oxide nanoparticles from various extracts of Punica granatum and their efficient application for removal of BTEXEnemuo, Ngozi; Daramola, Michael Olawale; Richards, Heidi (Elsevier, 2026-03)This study investigated the potential of Punica granatum-mediated iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNPs) in the adsorptive removal of BTEX from wastewater. To gain insight into achieving optimum BTEX removal, the study highlighted the role of phytochemical composition in determining the features of the resulting nanoparticles and, subsequently, the FeNPs' adsorption capacity. It established the Punica granatum part that generates ideal FeNPs with optimum performance in BTEX adsorption. Three Punica granatum parts, the leaves, peels, and seeds, were utilized for the biogenic synthesis of the FeNPs, and the features and performance of the FeNPs in BTEX adsorptive removal were analyzed. It was found that the FeNPs from various Punica granatum parts, namely FeNPs-leaves, FeNPs-peels, and FeNPs-seeds, exhibited distinct features due to the unique phytochemical composition of these parts, as indicated by their total phenolic content (TPC) measurement and GC–MS analysis. The XRD result showed that bio-reduction using the leaves extract yielded magnetite, while bluish-black maghemite and yellowish-brown maghemite were obtained from the peels and seeds extracts, respectively. The three FeNPs also have different specific surface areas, at 8.61 m²/g, 48.45 m²/g, and 35.40 m²/g for FeNPs-leaves, FeNPs-peels, and FeNPs-seeds, respectively. The properties of the FeNPs influenced their BTEX adsorption capacity, with the FeNPs-peels (48.45 m²/g) and FeNPs-seeds (35.40 m²/g) exhibiting higher specific surface area than the FeNPs-leaves (8.61 m²/g), which reflected in the higher BTEX adsorption capacity obtained for the FeNPs-peels and FeNPs-seeds. The BTEX adsorption on the FeNPs mainly occurs through chemisorption in a monolayer surface, as indicated by the adsorption data fitting in pseudo-second-order and the Langmuir isotherm model. HIGHLIGHTS • Pomegranate leaves, peels, and seeds have different concentration and composition of phytochemicals. • Bio-reduction of FeCl3 using extracts of the three pomegranate parts produced FeNPs with distinct features. • The produced FeNPs exhibited varying tendencies for the adsorptive removal of BTEX in wastewater. • The peels extract yields FeNPs with the highest BTEX adsorption capacity. • The pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models describe the processes involved in BTEX adsorption.Item Boosting hydrogen evolution reaction performance via island effect-driven interfacial charge tuning and bubble kinetics optimization on Co/Ni(OH)2 array electrodeJiang, Runlai; Wang, Zheng; Ma, Xianguo; Wang, Xuyun; Song, Hongbing; Wang, Hui; Li, Zihao; Ren, Jianwei; Wang, Rongfang (Elsevier, 2026-01)Please read abstract in the article.Item Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by a mining- adapted bacterial consortium : physicochemical properties and environmental applicationsMpeta, Miranda; Tendenedzai, Job T.; Tichapondwa, Shepherd Masimba; Chirwa, Evans M.N. (Elsevier, 2026-06)Please read abstract in the article. HIGHLIGHTS • Media type (broth, MSM, and water) influenced nucleation differing AuNP size. • 60-70 nm range constituted the highest frequency of biosynthesized AuNPs at 23%. • Dose-dependent inhibition of Enterococcus spp. strongest at 50 μg/mL AuNPs. • AuNPs raised Degussa rate constant: 1.67 × under visible light, 2.5 × under sunlight.Item Food waste to biogas : continuous operation of a low-lost laboratory-scale anaerobic digestion system under real-world operating constraintsKleynhans, Caela; Brink, Hendrik Gideon; Haneklaus, Nils; Nicol, Willie (MDPI, 2026-02)Please read abstract in the article.Item Synthesis of carboxylic cellulose nanocrystals from yellow thatching grass (Hyparrhenia filipendula) via citric acid hydrolysisAyaa, Fildah; Lubwama, Michael; Iwarere, Samuel Ayodele; Daramola, Michael Olawale; Kirabira, John Baptist (Wiley, 2026-03)Grass is an abundant and renewable source of cellulose, which makes it a sustainable and cost-effective source for producing cellulose nanocrystals. Moreover, the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals from grass provides a value-added product from an otherwise low-value agricultural waste material, which can contribute to the development of a circular economy. In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were extracted from Hyparrhenia filipendula via citric acid hydrolysis. The Hyparrhenia filipendula stems were pre-processed through mechanical size reduction and Soxhlet extraction. The extractive-free stems were fractionated using two solvents: 10 wt% (w/v) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and deep eutectic solvent of ethylene glycol:citric acid (1:2 molar ratio). The fractionated samples were bleached with acidified sodium chlorite and hydrolyzed with 80 wt% citric acid for 4 h at 120°C in a Parr reactor. The samples obtained at each treatment stage were characterized using standard scientific procedures for chemical composition, morphology, elemental composition, crystallinity, and thermal stability. The results show that CNCs were successfully extracted from Hyparrhenia filipendula via citric acid hydrolysis. The surface morphology of alkali fractionated CNCs was needle-like, whereas the surface morphology of DES fractionated CNCs was rod-like. The alkali fractionated and hydrolyzed sample, NaCNC, had the highest cellulose purity (91%), as well as the highest thermal stability. The FTIR analysis proved the removal of non-cellulosic components in the CNCs, except for the unbleached CNCs that had significant quantities of hemicellulose and lignin. The XRD analysis revealed the presence of characteristic cellulose Iβ in the CNCs, with the UNNaCNC sample (NaOH fractionated, unbleached, acid hydrolyzed sample) having the highest crystallinity index of 81% and the largest crystallite size of 4.20 nm. The properties of the CNCs obtained in this study are comparable to CNCs derived from previously reported lignocellulosic materials. The CNCs from Hyparrhenia filipendula therefore have a wide range of potential applications.Item Bioprospecting heavy-metal rhizospheres for novel therapeutics against high-priority multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii : a case of toxic to treatmentMillard, Kylah B.; Onuofin, John O.; Invernizzi, Luke; Daramola, Michael Olawale; Iwarere, Samuel Ayodele (Wiley, 2025-09)This study investigated the antimicrobial potential of rhizospheric microbiota isolated from heavy-metal-contaminated soils against two extremely drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 27853) and Acinetobacter baumannii (strain ATCC-BAA-1605). Heavy-metal-contaminated rhizospheres were sequentially exposed to ex-situ and in vitro enrichment with heavy metals from battery waste and incubated for 168 h. The surviving microbiota were screened against P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, and crude extracts of high-performing strains were tested against the pathogens using agar well diffusion assays. The novelty and components of the extracted secondary metabolites from environmentally stressed rhizospheric microorganisms were inferred using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). Results indicated that these secretions inhibited the growth of XDR pathogens (approximately 3.0 × 108 CFU/mL), forming inhibition zones of up to 50 mm. Furthermore, the pathogens were more responsive to exudates from microbiota in environmentally stressed rhizospheres compared to those from organic rhizospheres (control). Heavy-metal-stressed microbiota secrete metabolites that show superior antimicrobial activity and successfully inhibit the growth of XDR pathogens. The UPLC-HRMS analysis indicated the tentative characterisation of the metabolites, particularly Tolyposamine and Gentiatibetine, by the evaluated microbiota, suggesting their relevance as biopharmaceuticals, and could lead to future antibiotic production.Item Dependencies of the European Union and the world on Russian nuclear fuel cycle services, and how to reduce themHaneklaus, Nils; Vlcek, Tomas; Nosko, Andrej; Brink, Hendrik Gideon; Ochmann, Jakub; Skorek-Osikowska, Anna; Gładysz, Paweł; Gajda, Paweł; Misík, Matús; Bartela, Łukasz (Elsevier, 2025-11)While the European Union (EU) and other Western nations are weaning themselves off the Kremlin's fossil energy resources, global nuclear energy producers remain closely tied to Russia's nuclear industry. One in four nuclear reactors worldwide is connected to Russia (either operating domestically, built abroad, or under construction using Russian technology), and relies on spare parts, maintenance, and fuel from state-owned Rosatom. Russia contributes approximately 6 % of global uranium production, 20 % of conversion capacity, 46 % of enrichment capacity, and 10 % of nuclear fuel fabrication capacity. This work explores the EU's and the global community's dependence on Russian nuclear fuel cycle services. In response to growing geopolitical tensions, particularly after Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the EU has taken steps to reduce this reliance and enhance self-sufficiency. Key measures include expanding uranium conversion capacity, increasing fuel production for VVER-440 reactors, and better utilization of existing enrichment infrastructure. Reducing Russia's influence is possible but will require long-term commitment, political determination, and acceptance of higher nuclear energy costs, especially for conversion and enrichment services. With continued effort, full independence from Russian nuclear fuel cycle services is considered achievable between 2030 and 2035.Item Adiponitrile-enabled low-solvation strategy to mitigate the shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur batteriesLiu, Fangfang; Feng, Lijuan; You, Huijuan; Ren, Jianwei; Liang, Yangjie; Wang, Hui (Wiley, 2025-12)Lithium–sulfur batteries are promising for meeting growing global energy needs and supporting sustainable development. However, the shuttle effect is a key barrier to their wide use. Reducing Li⁺ ion solvation is an effective solution. In this study, adiponitrile (ADN), featuring two highly electronegative cyano groups, forms a stable [Li(ADN)]⁺ complex that contracts the solvation shell of Li⁺. Its moderate molecular size also helps form a denser interfacial protective film on the sulfur cathode, boosting surface stability. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations show ADN's cyano groups bind strongly to Li⁺, forming stable local structures that suppress polysulfide migration and improve cycle stability. Experimentally, batteries with ADN retain 75% of initial capacity after 120 cycles at 0.2 C and have a 744 mAh g−1 discharge capacity at 2 C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms ADN-Li⁺ interaction and reveals ADN's role in regulating the electrolyte's solvation environment. This work provides new insights for electrolyte design in next-generation Li–S batteries.Item Enhanced bubble dynamics via P-site–induced Cu nucleation on NiFe-based array electrodes for efficient oxygen evolutionJiang, Runlai; Wang, Zheng; Wang, Hui; Ren, Jianwei; Wang, Xuyun; Song, Hongbing; Wang, Rongfang (Elsevier, 2026-06)Please read abstract in the article.