Climate change risks and climate adaptation in agro-processing enterprises

Abstract

While climate change research has focused mainly on primary agriculture, evidence shows that Agro-processing enterprises also face climate risks affecting resource availability and use. Using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), this study analysed how socio-demographic factors (sex, age, marital status, education, and training) influence participation in agro-enterprises and climate adaptation strategies among 113 agro-processing enterprises in Gauteng, South Africa. Results show that direct participation in Agro-processing does not significantly predict adaptation (β = 0.025), indicating profit-driven rather than resilience-oriented engagement. Education significantly enhances participation in Agro-processing (β = 0.325, 95% CI = [0.196, 0.457]) and adaptation (β = 0.325, 95% CI = [0.168, 0.477]), with a positive indirect effect (β = 0.106, 95% CI = [0.049, 0.173]). Sex negatively predicts participation (β = –0.181), showing higher female involvement, while other variables were insignificant. Policy interventions should integrate climate education, targeted training, and capacity-building initiatives to strengthen resilience among Agro-processing enterprises.