Disapproving and yet not aligning : African stances on the aggression against Ukraine

Abstract

Reactions to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine have not been similar in all parts of the world. States in the Global South have shown considerable resistance to joining the in-unison responses adopted by Western countries. Based on their official positions, especially at the United Nations General Assembly, this article aims to examine the potential impact of African states’ reluctance to strongly condemn Russia’s use of force against Ukraine on the regime of non-use of force in international relations. Drawing insights from the body of literature in political science and international relations – generally neglected by international layers – the contribution makes two interrelated claims: First, it argues that contrary to what it has suggested, African states’ massive abstention during the voting of UNGA resolutions on Ukraine do not implicate any meaningful shift in their traditionally strict interpretations of the non-use of force rule in international relations. Indeed, the ‘reserved attitude’ of African states during the UNGA votes on Ukraine does not amount to approval or tacit endorsement of Russia’s unlawful use of force. If anything, voting explanations suggest a firm rejection of Russia’s positions and consider its action illegal.