Butorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine and ketamine–butorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine chemical immobilization in habituated subadult female giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)
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Publisher
Elsevier
Abstract
Please read abstract in the article.
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Keywords
Butorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine (BAM), Ketamine–butorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine (KBAM), Chemical immobilization, Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), Immobilization
Sustainable Development Goals
SDG-03: Good health and well-being
Citation
Pfitzer, S., Laubscher, L.L., Raath, J.P. et al. 2025, 'Butorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine and ketamine–butorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine chemical immobilization in habituated subadult female giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)', Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 403-411, doi : 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.04.009.